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A media report of 6 December 2016 asserts that at least 31 people have died of bubonic plague in Madagascar's southern district of Befotaka Atsimo.
It is suspected that persistent drought has caused bush fires which have driven disease carrying rodents into villages. Fleas from the infected rodents are believed to have transmitted the disease to humans. Additionally, the outbreak is thought to have been aggravated by the poor local health infrastructure.
In response, Health Ministry and the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar in Antananarivo is said to have deployed healthcare workers to the affected area on 5 December 2016. However, poor roads from the regional capital city of Vangaindrano have reportedly impeded access to the affected populations.
(via Africa Review - accessed 12/12/16)
The risk to the majority of travellers, even those visiting endemic regions, is low.
There is no commercially available vaccine against plague.