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Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. It remains an important cause of death among young children globally, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. Measles is spread by airborne or droplet transmission. It is considered one of the most highly communicable infectious diseases.
Measles is found throughout the world measles is still common in many developing countries, particularly in parts of Africa and Asia. In recent years there have been several outbreaks of measles in other countries out-with Africa and Asia including:
The recent outbreak of measles across many European countries serves as a reminder of measles risk in those individuals who are not vaccinated or not fully vaccinated. Countries affected include: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the United Kingdom. In addition, the following neighbouring countries have also been affected: Albania, Belarus, Georgia, Russia, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine. For further information see associated news item.
Symptoms of measles include erythematous maculopapular rash with fever and cough/coryza or conjunctivitis. Measles infection can be severe. The most serious complications include blindness, encephalitis, severe diarrhoea and related dehydration, and severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia. Measles can be fatal.
The measles vaccine has been in use since the 1960s. It is safe, effective and inexpensive. WHO recommends immunisation for all susceptible children and adults for whom measles vaccination is not contraindicated. Measles has been included in the UK National schedule since 1968.
Travel may increase an individual’s risk of exposure to measles virus, and facilitate the spread of disease to unvaccinated and susceptible populations. The travel consultation provides healthcare practitioners with a valuable opportunity to ensure individuals are protected against the measles virus. Consider vaccinating:
It should be confirmed that children have received their recommended doses of MMR at 12-13 months of age and again pre-school around 3 years 4 months. Where the risk of measles is considered to be high, vaccination can be given to children earlier than the stipulated ages in the UK schedule see Measles
Consider vaccinating all unimmunised adults who have not had the disease themselves, particularly if they are going to be at higher risk. Two doses of MMR vaccine, at least one month apart, are required to give adequate protection.
For further information see Measles
