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The Travel and International Health team have carried out a revision of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) recommendations for TRAVAX country pages. See individual country pages.
TBE exists in endemic foci in eastern, central and northern Europe, northern China, Mongolia, Russia, Japan and South Korea. Other sporadic foci are found. Most clinical cases are reported from the Baltic region, Slovenia and Russian Federation.
TBE is an emerging disease - incidence has risen dramatically in recent decades. Although vaccination has reduced incidence in some areas of Europe, it has expanded in others and spread to new foci; numerous factors including climate change, travel and trade influence TBE epidemiology.
TBE is spread through the bite of an infected Ixodes tick, or less commonly by ingestion of unpasteurised milk and milk products. Transmission is more common during the warmer months of April-November when ticks are most active.
Advice to travellers
Travellers should avoid consuming unpasteurised dairy products and be made aware of the need to prevent tick bites.
Vaccination is advised in endemic areas either ‘sometimes’ or ‘selectively’.
Consider vaccinating:
Further information can be found on the Tick-borne Encephalitis page.
