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As of Monday (14 Sep 2015), a total number of around 130 patients and 19 deaths have been reported in Maharashtra. The highest number of deaths have been reported from Mumbai (18), followed by Thane (1). High local transmission is associated with infected cattle urine and the monsoon season.
Leptospirosis infection occurs worldwide but human cases are more common in tropical climates, areas where the standard of hygiene is poor and frequently follows flooding after heavy rains.
Leptospirosis is transmitted via contact with fresh water, wet soil, or vegetation that has been contaminated by urine of animals that are chronically infected. The infection is transmitted through unhealed breaks in the skin, the eyes, or the mucous membranes. Rats, dogs, cattle, and pigs are the usual reservoirs for this organism.
Travellers should be aware of the risk and avoid exposure to contaminated water where possible.
