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The outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection which was first identified in Brazil in May 2015, is now widespread; cases have been reported from all regions of the country. The Ministry of Health estimates between 500 000 to 1.5 million suspected ZIKV cases nationally.
During the outbreak an increase in microcephaly was identified in October 2015, in areas where ZIKV was circulating. Since then, PAHO/WHO has been collaborating with Brazilian health authorities.
The Ministry of Health is investigating all cases of microcephaly and other disorders of the central nervous system, and the possible relationship with ZIKV and other congenital infections. Nationally, a total of 4783 suspected cases of microcephaly were registered by 30 January 2016. A total of 3670 suspected cases of microcephaly are currently under investigation. Of those, 404 cases have had microcephaly confirmed and / or other disorders of the central nervous system, and 17 of those were linked to ZIKV.
The confirmed cases of microcephaly were located in 156 municipalities in 9 states of Brazil: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte , Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul. The Northeast region has 98% of the municipalities with confirmed cases, and Pernambuco continues to be the worst affected with (56), followed by the states of Rio Grande do Norte (31) , Paraíba (24), Bahia (23), Alagoas (10), Piauí (6), Ceará (3), Rio de Janeiro (2) and Rio Grande do Sul (1).
In 2014, there were 147 cases of microcephaly reported in Brazil.
(Via Ministry of Health Brazil (translated page) - accessed 02/02/16)
Avoidance of mosquito bites, particularly during daylight hours, is recommended for all travellers. Due to the possible link between Zika virus infection and birth defects, pregnant women, or those planning pregnancy are strongly urged to seek pre-travel advice from their health care provider. They should be helped to understand the risks and to make an informed decision on whether to change their travel plans. If the decision is made to travel, strict measures to avoid mosquito bites both during daytime and nightime hours should be followed.
Women who have visited a Zika affected area whilst pregnant should arrange to have their next antenatal check promptly on return home, even if feeling well. This is not intended to cause undue anxiety, but merely as a precaution. In addition, medical attention must be sought quickly for any feverish illness experienced whilst travelling or on return.
Bite avoidance measures include: covering up with clothing, the use of insect repellent and bed nets impregnated with insecticide. Reduction of mosquito breeding sites around hotel rooms/homes is advised for longer term stays.
