Tick-born encephalitis in southern Sweden

The Swedish Public Health Agency (in Swedish) has advised people in southern Sweden to take precautions against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in 2022. A total of 533 cases of TBE were reported in 2021, twice as many as in the previous year.

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is transmitted to humans mainly through tick bites and is widespread across northern Europe and northern Asia. Transmission occurs during 'tick season' which runs from late spring until early autumn. Not all ticks are infected with TBE.  Symptoms can include a mild or flu-like illness, and in some cases lead to more severe neurological symptoms.

Advice for Travellers

Travellers to endemic areas should be aware of the types of activities that increase tick exposure, such as walking, hiking, camping, cycling or fishing in forested areas during tick season and be advised to:

• avoid consuming unpasteurised dairy products 
• avoid tick bites by use of insect repellents and appropriate clothing (e.g. long trousers tucked into socks, closed footwear)
• inspect their whole body for ticks daily after outdoor activities, and remove any ticks as early as possible

When to consider vaccination

Vaccination is the best preventative measure against TBE and should be considered following an individual risk assessment for:

• travellers to endemic countries during the tick season (spring- early autumn) who plan outdoor activities in forested areas
• those planning to reside long term or work (whereby the nature or work increases risk of exposure to ticks) in endemic areas 

For further information, see the Tick-borne Encephalitis and Insect Bite Avoidance pages